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Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents with Genitourinary Complaints: Is There a Still Role for Endocervical Gram Stains?

An Open Letter to the 2022 Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics

Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies and Changes in Dietary Patterns after Bariatric Surgery

Cyber Threat Analysis (CTA) in Current Conflicts

A Comprehensive Review of Federated Learning in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction

A Rare Case of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP)

Properties of Indium Antimonide Nanocrystals as Nanoelectronic Elements

Revolutionizing Duplicate Question Detection: A Deep Learning Approach for Stack Overflow

Enhancing Missing Values Imputation through Transformer-Based Predictive Modeling

Methodology of the Professional-Business Game for the Development of a Cadet Leader in Professional Training Courses (L-1B) of the Tactical Level of Military Education

Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Female Students of the Faculty of Health Sciences University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów (Poland)

Analysis of Damages to Boiler Screen Tubes BKZ-160-100-GM (Barnaul Boiler Plant, steam productivity 160 t/h, pressure 100 kgf/cm2, Fuel: Natural Gas/Fuel Oil) after Reconstruction for Increased Steam Productivity to 210 t/h

Educational Innovation amidst Globalization: Higher Education Institutions and Societal Integration

The Antioxidant and Antidepressant Properties of Dietary Proteins Derived from Egg and Bean Extracts and Their Acute Toxicity: A Journey from Nutrition to Pharmacognosy

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster-associated Avian Macrorhabdosis: A Narrative Review

The policy development and current situation of information technology education in Taiwan

Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on the Calorimetric and Physicomechanical Properties of Mortar

Communication Training at Medical School: A Quantitative Analysis

Climate Changes and Mango Production (Temperature)

AFM Analysis of Polymeric Membranes Fouling

On how Doping with Atoms of Gadolinium and Scandium affects the Surface Structure of Silicon

The Model for Clinical, Laboratory, and Genetic Prediction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke against the Background of Laboratory Aspirin Resistance using Machine Learning

Roadmap for Greening the Economy of Turkmenistan

The Kazakh Language Requires Reform of its Writing

Quality Culture - Lessons Learned from the Low- and Medium Income World

High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Natural Minerals of Gas Hydrates and Occurrence of Mixed Phases

The Comprehensive Regeneration Approach as a Framework for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

Enhancing Material Property Predictions through Optimized KNN Imputation and Deep Neural Network Modeling

A Comprehensive Methodology for Assessing the Business Reputation of Industrial and Production Personnel

Risks and Effects of Medicinal Plants as an Adjuvant Treatment in Mental Disorders during Pregnancy

Revisiting Ice Ages Cycles

Contribution to the Knowledge of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Pakistan

Maternal Knowledge and Practices in Caring for Children under Five with Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

Trend of SO2 Gas Dry Deposition in Vietnam

The Role of Supplementation in Enhancing Recovery and Endurance among Fitness Trainers

Efficacy of Alternative Insecticides against Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus) to Improve Yield Losses in Cotton Crops through Residue-based Bioassay

New HMPV Virus Outbreak: Emerging Concerns and Public Health Implications

Machine Learning Applied to Electric Vehicle Routing Problem: Optimizing Costs for a Sustainable Environment

From Motor Augmentation to Body Enhancement, the Harmony between Human Body and Artificial Parts

Impact of Insect Growth Regulators on Maize Stem Borer: A Recent Research Insight

IoT-based Real-time Temperature Monitoring in Critical Systems: A Review

Issues of Manufacturability of Roller Machines

The Influence of Low Pesticide Doses on Fusarium Molds

The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence in Public Health and Personalized Cancer Therapy

Harnessing Microbes for the Benefit of Man

Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) on Maize Stem Borer Infestation

The Role of CCL18 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Diseases

AI-Driven Smart Auditory Health Systems: Bridging Audiology and Public Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Deep Semantic Segmentation New Model of Natural and Medical Images

A Capsule Neural Network (CNN) based Hybrid Approach for Identifying Sarcasm in Reddit Dataset

Use of Augmented Reality as a Radiation-free Alternative in Pain Management Spinal Surgeries

Exploring Markov Decision Processes: A Comprehensive Survey of Optimization Applications and Techniques

Massive Solar PV Potential in Sri Lanka

How Increased CO2 Warms the Earth-Two Contexts for the Greenhouse Gas Effect

LC-MS and HPLC-UV for Detecting Uremic Toxins: Two Validated Methods with Simultaneous Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation

Boundary Value Problems in Ellipsoidal Geometry and Applications

Synergistic Assessment of Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Massularia acuminata Extracts on Serum Electrolyte and Lipid Profile Indices of Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Aluminum Chloride Toxicity

Abrasive Wear in Some High Fe-Cr-C Alloy in Cement Powder

Assessment of Thermal Uniformity of Heating Plates Using a Thermal Imaging Camera

Federated Learning- Hope and Scope

Prevalence of Non-specific Low Back Pain Among Chinese Healthcare Workers (Surgeons and Surgical Nurses): A Multi-Center Survey Study

A Case of Facial Erysipelas with Necrosis of the Upper Eyelid
![Benzo[4’,5’]imidazo[2’,1’:6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines: Past and Present](https://www.igminresearch.es/articles/figures/igmin113/igmin113.g001.png)
Benzo[4’,5’]imidazo[2’,1’:6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines: Past and Present

Study of the Histological Features of the Stroma of High-Grade Gliomas Depending on the Status of the Mutation in the IDH1 Gene

Threat to Human and Animal Health Caused by Mycotoxins and Masked Mycotoxins Occurring in Food and Feed

A New Modification of Classification of Traumatic Patients with Pelvic Fracture

Auxological Status of Modern Primary School Students of Nizhny Novgorod Region

Gaussian-Transform for the Dirac Wave Function and its Application to the Multicenter Molecular Integral Over Dirac Wave Functions for Solving the Molecular Matrix Dirac Equation

Investigation of Lateral Vibrations in Turbine-generator Unit 5 of the Inga 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant

Compatibility Analysis of Frequency Containment Reserve and Load Frequency Control Functions

Integrated Multi-fidelity Structural Optimization for UAV Wings

Examining the Causal Connection between Lipid-lowering Medications and Malignant Meningiomas through Drug-target Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Self-reported Newly Diagnosed Diabetics

New Scientific Field for Modelling Complex Dynamical Systems: The Cybernetics Artificial Intelligence (CAI)

The Examination of Game Skills of Children Aged 5-6 Years Participating in Movement Education

Preventing Chronic Pain: Solutions to a Public Health Crisis

Fred Vlès – Early Holistic Biophysicist and Pioneer of “Earthing”

Use of Extraterrestrial Resources and Recycling Water: Curb Your Enthusiasm

Lunar-Derived Propellants for Fueling Mars-Bound Spacecraft in Cis-Lunar Space

A Rare Entity of Idiopathic Clitoromegaly with HBsAg Positive Status Managed with Dorsal Nerve Sparing Clitoroplasty

On the Governing Equations for Velocity and Shear Stress of some Magnetohydrodynamic Motions of Rate-type Fluids and their Applications

Assessing Bee (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) Diversity and Floral Preference in Two Habitats in the Iberian Peninsula

Potentially Toxic Metals in Cucumber Cucumis sativus Collected from Peninsular Malaysia: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Exploring Upper Limb Kinematics in Limited Vision Conditions: Preliminary Insights from 3D Motion Analysis and IMU Data

Association and New Therapy Perspectives in Post-Stroke Aphasia with Hand Motor Dysfunction

The Impact of Teledentistry on Modern Dental Practice

Diagnostic Challenges in Pancreatic Tumors

Lifestyle and Well-being among Portuguese Firefighters

Nanorobots in Medicine: Advancing Healthcare through Molecular Engineering: A Comprehensive Review

Preventing Rectal Toxicity in Prostate Cancer: Diet and Supplement Alternative to Enemas or Rectal Spacer

Atmospheric Fungal Spore Injection: A Promising Breakthrough for Challenging the Impacts of Climate Change Through Cloud Seeding and Weather Modification

The University Sector is Converging on Manufacturing in UK

Country Risk to Face Global Emergencies: Negative Effects of High Public Debt on Health Expenditures and Fatality Rate in COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis

Comments to Megascopic Quantum Phenomena

A Study to Determine the Reason for Lower Pregnancy Rates in Younger Women with Diminished Oocyte Reserve-less Chance of Implanting vs. Fetal Demise

Support for the use of Binomial Nomenclature in the Taxonomy of Viruses

Contamination in Heat Exchangers: Types, Energy Effects and Prevention Methods

Wishful Thinking or Valuable Forecasts? The Value of Policy Rate Predictions in Sweden

Erosion Corrosion of Commercially Pure Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Sodium Chloride Solutions with and Without Suspended Solids

Artificial Intelligence & the Capacity for Discrimination: The Imperative Need for Frameworks, Diverse Teams & Human Accountability

Current Oscillations and Resonances in Nanocrystals of Narrow-gap Semiconductors

Quantum Perception and Quantum Computation

The Power of Artificial Intelligence for Improved Patient Outcomes, Ethical Practices and Overcoming Challenges

Slip Resistance Evaluation of 10 Indoor Floor Surfaces

Relationship between Sustainable Development, Economy and Poverty

Modeling of Cr3+ doped Cassiterite (SnO2) Single Crystals

Qualitative Model of Electrical Conductivity of Irradiated Semiconductor

Levetiracetam-induced Rhabdomyolysis - A Rare Complication

The Imperative for Modern Public Cloud Providers to Upgrade Their Data Centers

The Lukala Cement Plant's Life Cycle Analysis: Towards a More Sustainable Production

Enforcement and Enlargement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Endoplasmic Reticulum through Artificial Evocation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Homologous Series of Chemical Compounds in Three-component Systems (Aa+ – Bb+ – Cc–) and (Zn2+ - Ge4+ - P3-) in Generalized Form

Analytical Expressions of the Markov Chain of K-Ras4B Protein within the Catalytic Environment and a New Markov-State Model

Multicenter Molecular Integrals over Dirac Wave Functions for Several Fundamental Properties

Estimate of Temperature Rise in the 21st Century for Various Scenarios

Reliability Evaluation of Professional Assessments

Investigation and Energy Modeling of New Generation Environmentally Friendly Energy Source Thorium Fueled Molten Salt Reactors

Wishful Thinking about Consciousness

Zinc Supplementation in Anorexic Children with Vomiting Syndrome: Evaluation from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Vietnam

Efficient Room Temperature Ethanol Vapor Sensing by Unique Fractal Features of Tin Oxide

A Mini Review on Women’s Health, Focus on Menopause and Metabolic Challenges

Lattice Boltzmann Method without Invoking the M << 1 Assumption

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report

Improved Energy Valley Optimizer with Levy Flight for Optimization Problems

Revisit TBCK-A Pseudo Kinase or a True Kinase

Solar Energy Resource Potentials of the City of Arkadag

Utilising Phytoremediation in Green Technologies: Exploring Natural Means of Environmental Clean-up

In Biological Research, Single-cell RNA Sequencing Answers the Puzzles around Unusual Cell Types

Application of Virtual Reality (VR) in Facility Management Competency-based Training (CBT) in the Era of Industrie 5.0

The Educational Role of Cinema in Physical Sciences

Breast Cancer: The Road to a Personalized Prevention

The Effect of Stacking Sequence and Ply Orientation with Central Hole on Tensile Behavior of Glass Fiber-polyester Composite

Balancing Act: Exploring the Interplay Between Human Judgment and Artificial Intelligence in Problem-solving, Creativity, and Decision-making

Sorption-based Spectrophotometric Assay for Lead(II) with Immobilized Azo Ligand

A New Physical Phenomenon Discovered When Microbiology Meets Surrealism: The Yoshida Effect has the Power to Fuse Bacteria and Nano-Acicular Materials

Preparing for SpaceX Mission to Mars

The Impact of Stress on Periodontal Health: A Biomarker-Based Review of Current Evidence

Designing a Compact High-precision Positioner with Large Stroke Capability for Nanoindentation Devices

Deep Learning-based Multi-class Three-dimensional (3-D) Object Classification using Phase-only Digital Holographic Information

Exit Schreiner Collection

Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy

Strengthening IoT Network Protocols: A Model Resilient Against Cyber Attacks

The Relationship between Energy and Climate Warming

Analysis of EU Countries’ Capabilities to Achieve Ambitious “Zero Victim” Vision in 2050

System for Detecting Moving Objects Using 3D Li-DAR Technology

Fibrin Contributes to an Improvement of an in vitro Wound Repair Model using Fibroblast-populated Collagen Lattices

Indigenous Environmental Resilience: Decoding Ancient Rozvi Wisdom on Mountain Ecosystems as Disaster Management Solutions

Revisiting 2,000 Years of Climate Change (Bad Science and the “Hockey Stick”)

EB Naevi-like Lesion in Infant Bullous Pemphigoid

Knowledge Discovery on Artificial Intelligence and Physical Therapy: Document Mining Analysis

Kinetic Study of the Removal of Reafix Yellow B8G Dye by Boiler Ash

Evaluating Digital Imaging Technologies for Anogenital Injury Documentation in Sexual Assault Cases

The use of FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge, and Resilience) Personality as an Effective Assessment Tool to Select the Best Leadership in an Organization

Unlawful Homicide of Two Ugly and Disabled Victims in a Japanese Tale Based on a True Story

Mastocytosis: Principles and Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of a Unique Disease

A Machine Learning-based Method for COVID-19 and Pneumonia Detection

Effect of Rainfall on Water Parameters in Recreational Lakes in Heidelberg, Germany

Analysis of Reliable Transmission Performance Optimization Methods for Satellite-to-Ground Laser Communication Links

Ammonia: A Trend of Dry Deposition in Vietnam

Modeling of an Electric-fired Brick Oven, Directly Heated

Roadmap for Renewable Energy Development

Innovative Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Development of a Mechanical Seal Closed Design Model

Technical & Economic Feasibility Study of Proposed Pump Storage Power Plants at Kuda Oya, Mul Oya, Gurugal Oya, and Dambagasthalawa

Various Media used to Detoxify Abrus precatorius - A Mini Review

The Expressivity Dimension of Speech is the basis of the Expression Dimension. Evidence from Behavioural and Neuroimaging Studies

Mars Ascent Propellants and Life Support Resources - Take it or Make it?

The Contribution of Medical Periodicals to the Development of Pediatric Science in Modern Conditions

The Dibia in Igbo Traditional Socio-political and Metaphysical Economy: An Interrogation

A Study of Multi-Pose Effects On a Face Recognition System

Biomimetic Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate in Bile in the presence of Amino Acids

The Salt and Dust of the Aral Sea Could Turn Central Asia into A Second Sahara

Isolation and Characterization of Active Alkaloid Compounds from Cinnamomum Verum Cortexes and Proof of their Medicinal Efficacy against Pathogenic Fungus Alternaria Alternate Causing Upper Respiratory Tract Inflammatory Disease

General Solutions for MHD Motions of Viscous Fluids with Viscosity Linearly Dependent on Pressure in a Planar Channel

Challenge and Readiness to Implemented Geothermal Energy in Indonesia

Problem of Surface Waves on Water in Higher School Laboratory Workshop

Theoretical Review on Microplastic Pollution: A Multifaceted Threat to Marine Ecosystems, Human Health, and Environment

Sensor-based Sorting using De-XRT Sensor Applied to a Greenfield Copper Ore Project in Southern Brazil

Analysis of the State of Moisture Control to Ensure and Regulate the Quality of Grain and Grain Products

DNA Genetics and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals for Asparagus racemosus Roots

Comparative Analysis of Lattice Pylons and Polygonal Monopods in the SNEL SA Electricity Network

Will SpaceX Send Humans to Mars in 2028?

The Conceptual View of the Department of Combat use of Communication Units on the Creation of a Training Game Complex for Training Military Specialists on the Basis of Leadership

The Influence of Dynamical Downscaling and Boundary Layer Selection on Egypt’s Potential Evapotranspiration using a Calibrated Version of the Hargreaves-samani Equation: RegCM4 Approach

The Reference Book of the Neology of the Spanish Language

Risk Contagion Effects of Interconnected Manufacturing Enterprises

Correlation between Different Factors of Non-point Source Pollution in Yangtze River Basin

Smart Mobility and Sensor Based-BRT Crusade, the Challenge for Auto Mechanics and Technicians in Africa

A Survey of Motion Data Processing and Classification Techniques Based on Wearable Sensors

About the Problem of Climate Warming

Dimensioning of Splices Using the Magnetic System

From Traditionalism to Algorithms: Embracing Artificial Intelligence for Effective University Teaching and Learning

Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents with Genitourinary Complaints: Is There a Still Role for Endocervical Gram Stains?
Study objective: Adolescent females are disproportionately affected by Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Endocervical Gram stain smears taken during gynecological examination are inexpensive, relatively easy procedures to perform and interpret. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of Gram smears in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in a female adolescent population presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with genitourinary complaints.
Methods: This study was a retrospective, cohort analysis of consecutive females (ages 13 – 19) seen at three academic medical centers over a two-year study period. All patients underwent a pelvic exam with diagnostic testing for STIs. Positive criteria for a Gram stain included greater than ten white blood cells per high-power field, gram-negative intracellular/extracellular diplococci (suggesting GC), or direct visualization of TV organisms. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were used as the gold standard definition for CT/GC infection. Direct microscopic visualization of organisms on a separate wet mount prep was considered the gold standard for TV infection. Demographic information, clinical findings of cervicitis, and the results of diagnostic testing were obtained from ED records using standardized abstraction forms.
Results: During the study period, 1303 adolescent females were evaluated for genitourinary complaints. A total of 181 adolescents (12.9%) had at least one documented STI. Overall, 298 patients (22.9%) had positive gram stains. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio for Gram stain in the diagnosis of STI were 28.7% (95% CI, 22.2 to 35.9), 78.1% (95% CI, 75.5 to 80.5), and 1.31 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7), respectively. The sensitivity of Gram stain to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis were 35.9% (95% CI 26.8 to 45.8), 34.5% (95% CI 18.0 to 54.3), and 5.7% (95% CI 1.3 to 15.7), respectively. The consistency of the data recording was excellent, with a median kappa statistic of 0.89.
Conclusions: The positive likelihood ratio of inflammation on endocervical Gram stain is too low to recommend its use to direct empiric treatment of adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted infections. Diagnostic uncertainty or treatment failures should prompt specific laboratory testing.